Early settlers built settlements as well as farms and mills, like West Point Mill. In the mid-1700s, Scots, Irish, and English colonists settled on land granted to George Carteret by King Charles I. In 1701, English explorer John Lawson, documented the area and would later call it "the flower of the Carolinas." Lawson claimed that Ajusher was situated 14 miles (23 km) from Occaneechi Town. Native Americans expanded the region by establishing settlements and commercial transportation routes. The Occaneechi Path, a corridor of trading roads and trails, went through the area. The Eno and the Occoneechi, related to the Sioux and the Shakori, lived in the area and may have established a village named Adshusheer (or Ajusher) in the area which became Durham. See also: Timeline of Durham, North Carolina Pre-establishment The city is served, along with Raleigh, by Raleigh–Durham International Airport. Bennett Place commemorates the location where Joseph E. Other notable sites in the city include the Museum of Life and Science, Durham Performing Arts Center, Carolina Theatre, and Duke Homestead and Tobacco Factory. On the Duke University campus are the neo-Gothic Duke Chapel and the Nasher Museum of Art. Together, the two universities make Durham one of the vertices of the Research Triangle area central to this is the Research Triangle Park south of Durham, which encompasses an area of 11 square miles and is devoted to research facilities. North Carolina Central University is a historically black university that is part of the University of North Carolina system. Duke and its Duke University Health System are the largest employers in the city. Durham is also a national leader in health-related activities, which are focused on the Duke University Hospital and many private companies. ĭurham is home to several recognized institutions of higher education, most notably Duke University and North Carolina Central University. While these industries have declined, Durham underwent revitalization and population growth to become an educational, medical, and research center. Textile and electric power industries also played an important role. It became known as the founding place and headquarters of the American Tobacco Company. The establishment of Durham County was ratified by the General Assembly 12 years later, in 1881. The town was incorporated by act of the North Carolina General Assembly, in April 1869. Following the American Civil War, the community of Durham Station expanded rapidly, in part due to the tobacco industry. Ī railway depot was established in 1849 on land donated by Bartlett S. The Office of Management and Budget also includes Durham as a part of the Raleigh-Durham- Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, commonly known as the Research Triangle, which had a population of 2,043,867 in 2020. Durham is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 649,903 at the 2020 census. The city is located in the east-central part of the Piedmont region along the Eno River. With a population of 283,506 in the 2020 census, Durham is the 4th-most populous city in North Carolina, and the 71st-most populous city in the United States. Small portions of the city limits extend into Orange County and Wake County. state of North Carolina and the county seat of Durham County.
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